TO VAX OR NOT TO VAX?

A

AFGHANISTAN

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Polio

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Due to ongoing conflict and limited medical facilities, ensure all routine vaccinations are up to date. Malaria prophylaxis is advised in certain areas.

ALBANIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Water and food safety practices should be observed.

ALGERIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Consider precautions against mosquito bites due to the risk of diseases such as malaria in some regions.

ANDORRA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Ensure routine vaccinations are up to date.

ANGOLA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is highly recommended due to a high risk throughout the country.

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Due to the tropical setting, mosquito bite prevention measures are advisable.

ARGENTINA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Yellow Fever vaccination is recommended for those traveling to northern and northeastern forested areas of Argentina. Malaria prophylaxis is advised for specific regions like the provinces of Misiones and Corrientes.

ARMENIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Rabies vaccination is recommended for travelers engaging in outdoor activities or extensive animal contact.

AUSTRALIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Standard travel health advice applies, including sun protection due to higher UV exposure.

AUSTRIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Austria has high-quality healthcare facilities; routine vaccinations should be up-to-date.

AZERBAIJAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne diseases are a concern, so vaccination or preventive measures against tick bites are advised for travelers spending time in rural areas.

B

BAHAMAS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Due to the tropical setting, mosquito bite prevention is advised to mitigate the risk of dengue fever and other mosquito-borne diseases.

BAHRAIN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General precautions for personal hygiene and food consumption are advised to avoid common travel-related illnesses.

BANGLADESH

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Japanese Encephalitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended in rural areas. Consider dengue precautions in urban and suburban areas.

BARBADOS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Travellers should take precautions against mosquito bites to avoid dengue fever.

BELARUS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne diseases, such as Tick-borne encephalitis, are prevalent; tick prevention measures are recommended for those engaging in outdoor activities.

BELGIUM

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Belgium offers high-quality healthcare facilities. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date.

BELIZE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for certain areas. Measures to prevent mosquito bites should be taken due to the risk of Zika virus and dengue fever.

BENIN

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Additional precautions against cholera and rabies may be advised depending on the travel itinerary.

BHUTAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Consider rabies vaccination if engaging with animals. Altitude sickness prevention should be considered, as Bhutan features many high-altitude locales.

BOLIVIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever (for travelers from countries with risk of Yellow Fever transmission)

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for most areas, except high-altitude regions like La Paz and Potosí. Dengue fever is also a risk.

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne diseases are a concern, so vaccination or preventive measures against tick bites are recommended for travelers spending time in forested areas.

BOTSWANA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for travel to northern parts of the country including the Okavango Delta area.

BRAZIL

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever (for travelers from countries with risk of Yellow Fever transmission)

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for travel to rural areas, particularly in the Amazon region. Dengue and Zika virus prevention measures should also be taken.

BRUNEI

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions should be observed, including measures against mosquito bites due to dengue fever.

BULGARIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Rabies (if engaging in outdoor activities or extensive animal contact)

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne diseases are prevalent; preventive measures against tick bites are recommended.

BURKINA FASO

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Travelers should also consider precautions against cholera.

BURUNDI

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised. Additional precautions may be needed depending on local outbreak situations.

C

CABO VERDE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Consider malaria prophylaxis if traveling during the rainy season; mosquito bite prevention is also recommended.

CAMBODIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for rural and forested areas. Dengue fever is prevalent, so mosquito bite prevention is crucial.

CAMEROON

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Consider precautions against cholera and rabies, especially in rural areas.

CANADA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are adequate. Routine vaccinations should be up-to-date.

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. High risk of other infectious diseases such as cholera; ensure food and water safety precautions.

CHAD

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is highly recommended. Consider additional vaccinations for rabies and cholera, depending on travel plans.

CHILE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Be aware of the potential for altitude sickness in high-altitude areas like the Andes. General travel health precautions suffice in urban areas.

CHINA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis (for rural travel)

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis recommended for rural areas, particularly in the provinces bordering Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. Air quality in urban areas can be poor, so precautions may be necessary for those with respiratory issues.

COLOMBIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Yellow Fever vaccination is recommended for travel to certain areas, especially rural. Malaria prophylaxis is advised for certain regions, particularly the Amazon basin.

COMOROS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended. Travelers should also take precautions against mosquito bites to prevent diseases like dengue and chikungunya.

CONGO (CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE)

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Consider additional precautions for water and food-borne diseases like cholera.

COSTA RICA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever and Zika virus are present; mosquito bite prevention is crucial.

CROATIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is a risk in forested areas; vaccination or preventive measures are recommended for those spending time outdoors.

CUBA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is a risk; take measures to prevent mosquito bites. Water purification and food safety practices are advised to avoid traveler's diarrhea.

CYPRUS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Standard travel health precautions are adequate. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date.

CZECHIA (CZECH REPUBLIC)

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent in forested areas, especially if engaging in outdoor activities. Preventive measures or vaccination is recommended.

D

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Meningococcal meningitis, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Ebola can be a risk; follow local health advice and updates.

DENMARK

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Denmark has high-quality healthcare facilities.

DJIBOUTI

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended. It's also advisable to take precautions against dengue and chikungunya through mosquito bite prevention.

DOMINICA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is present; mosquito bite prevention is important. Water and food safety practices should be observed to avoid traveler’s diarrhea.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue and Zika virus are present; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Consider precautions for traveler's diarrhea.

E

EAST TIMOR (TIMOR-LESTE)

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended. Due to limited medical facilities, travelers should ensure comprehensive health coverage.

ECUADOR

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Yellow Fever vaccination is recommended for those traveling to Amazon areas. Malaria prophylaxis is advised for certain regions, particularly in the coastal and Amazon areas.

EGYPT

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Consider precautions against schistosomiasis (avoiding freshwater exposure). Traveler’s diarrhea is common; ensure food and water safety practices.

EL SALVADOR

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue and Zika virus are concerns; mosquito bite prevention is essential.

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Additional precautions may be needed for water and food safety.

ERITREA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended. Ensure precautions against food and water-borne diseases.

ESTONIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent in forested areas, especially from spring through autumn. Vaccination or preventive measures are advised for those spending time outdoors.

ESWATINI (FMR. "SWAZILAND")

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for most of the country, especially during the rainy season. HIV/AIDS is prevalent; precautions should be taken to avoid exposure.

ETHIOPIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for areas below 2,000 meters. Consider precautions against high altitude sickness in regions like the Simien Mountains.

F

FIJI

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever and Zika virus are risks; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Be aware of the risk of leptospirosis, avoid swimming in freshwater bodies.

FINLAND

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is present, especially in the Aland Islands. Vaccination or preventive measures are recommended for those engaging in outdoor activities.

FRANCE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease are present in forested areas.

G

GABON

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Travelers should also consider precautions against cholera and rabies, particularly in rural areas.

GAMBIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Travelers should also take precautions to avoid cholera and other water-borne diseases.

GEORGIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Rabies is a risk, particularly for those likely to come into contact with animals. Tick-borne illnesses are also a concern in rural areas.

GERMANY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent in forested areas of southern and eastern Germany; vaccination or preventive measures are recommended for those spending time outdoors.

GHANA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Additional precautions against cholera and rabies may be advisable, depending on the specifics of your travel itinerary.

GREECE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Mosquito-borne diseases like West Nile virus have been reported, so mosquito bite prevention is advised.

GRENADA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is present; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Travelers should also take precautions against food and water-borne diseases.

GUATEMALA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies (for specific types of travel)

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for certain areas. Dengue and Zika virus are also risks, requiring mosquito bite prevention measures.

GUINEA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Consider additional precautions for water and food safety due to cholera risk.

GUINEA-BISSAU

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Water and food safety measures are crucial to prevent cholera and other diseases.

GUYANA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Yellow Fever vaccination is recommended for all travelers. Malaria prophylaxis is advised for those traveling to rural areas.

H

HAITI

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended. Dengue fever is also prevalent; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Ensure safe water and food consumption to prevent cholera and other gastrointestinal diseases.

HONDURAS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever (for travelers from countries with risk of Yellow Fever transmission)

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for certain areas. Dengue and Zika virus are significant concerns; mosquito bite prevention measures are essential.

HUNGARY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent in forested areas; vaccination or preventive measures are recommended for those engaging in outdoor activities.

I

ICELAND

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date.

INDIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended in many parts of the country. Consider precautions for dengue and cholera, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.

INDONESIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for certain regions, especially rural and forested areas. Dengue fever is widespread; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are advised.

IRAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for travel to southeastern areas of the country. Consider rabies vaccination if engaging in outdoor activities or extensive animal contact.

IRAQ

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Due to conflict and post-conflict reconstruction, ensure all routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Consider comprehensive travel health insurance and medical evacuation coverage.

IRELAND

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease are present; tick bite prevention is recommended if engaging in outdoor activities.

ISRAEL

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Due to regional variations in disease exposure, vaccination for polio may be considered. Standard precautions for food and water safety are advised.

ITALY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Tick-borne encephalitis is present in northern forested areas; preventive measures are recommended for outdoor enthusiasts.

IVORY COAST (Côte d'Ivoire)

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Additional precautions against cholera and other water-borne diseases are advised due to local water quality issues.

J

JAMAICA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is present; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Water and food safety measures should be observed.

JAPAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Japanese Encephalitis (for prolonged stays or rural travel)

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is a risk in forested areas of Hokkaido. General health precautions are otherwise sufficient.

JORDAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Due to regional dust storms, respiratory protection may be advisable for sensitive individuals. Water and food safety practices are recommended.

K

KAZAKHSTAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies (for outdoor and animal exposure)

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis and other tick-borne diseases are prevalent; take preventive measures if engaging in outdoor activities.

KENYA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever (if coming from a country with risk of Yellow Fever)

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended, especially in areas below 2,500 meters. Avoid contact with animals to reduce the risk of rabies.

KIRIBATI

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is a risk; mosquito bite prevention is essential. Ensure safe drinking water to avoid water-borne diseases.

KOSOVO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Tick-borne diseases are a concern; preventive measures against tick bites are recommended, especially if engaging in outdoor activities.

KUWAIT

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Due to sand and dust storms, respiratory protection may be advisable for sensitive individuals. Standard precautions for food and water safety are recommended.

KYRGYZSTAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies (for outdoor and animal exposure)

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent; take preventive measures if spending time in forested areas or engaging in outdoor activities.

L

LAOS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for rural areas. Dengue fever is widespread; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are advised.

LATVIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent, particularly in forested areas and during warmer months. Vaccination or preventive measures are advised for those engaging in outdoor activities.

LEBANON

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Due to regional conflicts and reconstruction areas, comprehensive health insurance and medical evacuation coverage are recommended. Water and food safety practices should be strictly observed.

LESOTHO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: High altitude areas may pose a risk of altitude sickness. Ensure access to safe water and food to prevent gastrointestinal illnesses.

LIBERIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Consider precautions against Lassa fever and other rodent-borne diseases.

LIBYA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Due to ongoing conflict, ensure comprehensive health insurance and access to medical evacuation. Water and food safety practices should be rigorously observed.

LIECHTENSTEIN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease and Tick-borne encephalitis are present; preventive measures are recommended if engaging in outdoor activities.

LITHUANIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent, especially in forested areas. Vaccination or preventive measures are advised for those spending time outdoors.

LUXEMBOURG

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. General travel health precautions are sufficient.

M

MADAGASCAR

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Plague

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Plague outbreaks occur regularly, mainly in rural areas; avoid contact with wild animals and use insect repellent.

MALAWI

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Consider precautions against schistosomiasis when in contact with fresh water.

MALAYSIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis (for prolonged rural travel)

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is prevalent; mosquito bite prevention measures are crucial. Rabies is present in some areas; consider vaccination if in contact with animals.

MALDIVES

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Ensure food and water safety. Dengue fever can occur, so mosquito bite prevention is important.

MALI

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Ongoing conflict and security issues necessitate comprehensive health insurance and medical evacuation coverage.

MALTA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Water and food safety practices should be observed.

MARSHALL ISLANDS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever can occur, so mosquito bite prevention is important. Ensure water and food safety practices to prevent gastrointestinal illnesses.

MAURITANIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Due to limited medical facilities, travelers should ensure they have comprehensive health insurance and access to medical evacuation.

MAURITIUS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Standard precautions for food and water safety are advised. The risk of mosquito-borne diseases is relatively low but precautions against mosquito bites should still be considered.

MEXICO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses are present; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Traveler’s diarrhea is common; ensure food and water safety practices.

MICRONESIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Consider precautions against mosquito bites to prevent diseases like dengue fever. Ensure proper food and water safety measures.

MOLDOVA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Rabies is present in some areas; consider vaccination if engaging with animals or spending a lot of time outdoors. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date.

MONACO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Monaco has excellent healthcare facilities.

MONGOLIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies (if engaging with animals)

• Specific health notes: Consider vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis if spending time in rural areas. Drinking water safety is crucial; ensure water is purified or bottled.

MONTENEGRO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne diseases are present; take preventive measures if engaging in outdoor activities in wooded areas.

MOROCCO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Traveler’s diarrhea is common; ensure food and water safety. Consider rabies vaccination if spending a lot of time outdoors or in rural areas.

MOZAMBIQUE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Consider additional precautions against cholera in areas with poor sanitation.

MYANMAR (FORMERLY BURMA)

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for most areas, especially rural. Dengue fever is prevalent; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are necessary.

N

NAMIBIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended in certain areas, especially during the rainy season. Consider precautions against rabies if engaging with animals.

NAURU

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General health precautions are adequate. Ensure food and water safety to prevent gastrointestinal illnesses.

NEPAL

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for certain areas, primarily in the Terai region. Altitude sickness prevention is crucial for trekkers in the Himalayas.

NETHERLANDS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease are present; tick bite prevention is recommended if engaging in outdoor activities in forested areas.

NEW ZEALAND

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Consider preventive measures against sandfly bites when visiting coastal and forested areas.

NICARAGUA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Dengue (no vaccine, but prevention is advised)

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for certain areas. Dengue fever is prevalent; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are necessary.

NIGER

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. High risk of cholera; ensure safe food and water practices.

NIGERIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis, Polio

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is highly recommended. Consider additional precautions against Lassa fever in endemic areas.

NORTH KOREA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis

• Specific health notes: Due to limited healthcare infrastructure, ensure comprehensive travel health insurance and take necessary medications for the duration of the visit.

NORTH MACEDONIA (FORMERLY MACEDONIA)

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is a risk in forested areas; preventive measures or vaccination is recommended if engaging in outdoor activities.

NORWAY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Tick-borne encephalitis is present in southern Norway; consider vaccination if engaging in outdoor activities in forested areas.

O

OMAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Due to dust storms, respiratory protection may be advisable for sensitive individuals. Ensure food and water safety to avoid gastrointestinal issues.

P

PAKISTAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended in many areas. Ensure precautions against dengue fever and consider comprehensive health insurance including medical evacuation.

PALAU

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are adequate. Dengue fever can occur, so mosquito bite prevention is important.

PALESTINE STATE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Due to limited medical facilities in some areas, travelers should ensure they have adequate health coverage and access to necessary medications.

PANAMA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever (for certain regions)

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for certain rural areas. Dengue fever is prevalent; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are necessary.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended for all regions. Consider precautions against tuberculosis and cholera.

PARAGUAY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Yellow Fever vaccination is recommended for all travelers. Dengue fever is prevalent; take precautions against mosquito bites.

PERU

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever (for certain regions)

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for travel to the Amazon basin. Altitude sickness prevention is important for those visiting high-altitude areas like Cusco and the Andes.

PHILIPPINES

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever and Zika virus are widespread; robust mosquito bite prevention is necessary. Malaria prophylaxis is advised for rural areas, especially on Palawan and Mindanao.

POLAND

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is present, especially in forested areas; consider vaccination if engaging in outdoor activities.

PORTUGAL

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date.

Q

QATAR

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: Due to sand and dust storms, respiratory protection may be advisable for sensitive individuals. Water and food safety practices are recommended.

R

ROMANIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is present, particularly in forested areas. Consider vaccination if engaging in outdoor activities.

RUSSIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies (for specific regions or activities)

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is common in Siberia and the Ural Mountain areas. Ensure protection against ticks if engaging in outdoor activities.

RWANDA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Visitors should consider vaccination for Yellow Fever, although it is not required for entry.

S

SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are adequate. Dengue fever can occur, so mosquito bite prevention is important.

SAINT LUCIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is present; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are advised. Ensure food and water safety to prevent gastrointestinal illnesses.

SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is a risk; take precautions against mosquito bites. Travelers should ensure food and water safety practices are observed.

SAMOA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is a concern; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Ensure food and water safety practices are adhered to.

SAN MARINO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. As it is surrounded by Italy, the health risks are similar to those in Italy.

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended. Travelers should also consider precautions against bilharzia (schistosomiasis) when in contact with fresh water.

SAUDI ARABIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes, for certain travellers

• Vaccinations required for entry: Meningococcal meningitis (for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims)

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Due to occasional dust storms, respiratory protection may be advisable for sensitive individuals. Water and food safety practices should be followed.

SENEGAL

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Consider additional precautions against cholera and other water-borne diseases.

SERBIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is present in forested areas; preventive measures or vaccination is recommended for those spending time outdoors.

SEYCHELLES

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Ensure food and water safety. Dengue fever can occur, so mosquito bite prevention is important.

SIERRA LEONE

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis, Cholera

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Additional precautions against Lassa fever may be considered.

SINGAPORE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Singapore has a high standard of medical care but take precautions against dengue fever.

SLOVAKIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne encephalitis is prevalent; vaccination is recommended if engaging in outdoor activities in forested areas.

SLOVENIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease and Tick-borne encephalitis are common. Take preventive measures if engaging in outdoor activities.

SOLOMON ISLANDS

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is highly recommended. Dengue fever is prevalent; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are necessary.

SOMALIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: None officially required, but Yellow Fever vaccination is strongly advised.

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Meningococcal meningitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Due to ongoing conflict and limited medical facilities, ensure comprehensive health insurance and access to medical evacuation.

SOUTH AFRICA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Consider precautions against malaria in certain areas (e.g., Kruger National Park). Rabies vaccination is recommended for those at risk of animal bites.

SOUTH KOREA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis (for prolonged rural travel)

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Mosquito bite prevention is advised due to the risk of Japanese Encephalitis and other mosquito-borne diseases.

SOUTH SUDAN

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Ongoing conflict and poor healthcare infrastructure necessitate comprehensive health insurance and evacuation plans.

SPAIN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease are present in forested areas; preventive measures are recommended.

SRI LANKA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is prevalent; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are necessary. Malaria prophylaxis may be considered for certain rural areas.

SUDAN

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies, Meningococcal meningitis

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Given the varying climate and health conditions, additional precautions against water-borne and insect-borne diseases are advised.

SURINAME

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Yellow Fever vaccination is recommended for all travelers. Malaria prophylaxis is advised for rural areas, especially in the interior. Dengue fever is prevalent; mosquito bite prevention is crucial.

SWEDEN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Tick-borne encephalitis is present, especially in southern and central parts; consider vaccination if spending time in forested areas.

SWITZERLAND

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease and Tick-borne encephalitis are present; preventive measures are recommended if engaging in outdoor activities.

SYRIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Due to ongoing conflict, comprehensive travel health insurance and access to medical evacuation are essential. Consider vaccinations for diseases associated with poor sanitation and limited healthcare access.

T

TAIWAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Japanese Encephalitis (for extended rural travel)

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Dengue fever can occur; mosquito bite prevention is advised, especially during the rainy season.

TAJIKISTAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Consider precautions against tick-borne encephalitis if engaging in outdoor activities. Ensure water purification and food safety to prevent gastrointestinal diseases.

TANZANIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever (if arriving from a country with risk of Yellow Fever transmission)

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Consider precautions against dengue and chikungunya transmitted by mosquitoes.

THAILAND

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever and Zika virus are prevalent; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Consider health precautions related to food and water safety.

TOGO

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Meningococcal meningitis, Cholera

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is essential. Additional precautions against water and food-borne diseases are advised due to local sanitation conditions.

TONGA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are adequate. Ensure food and water safety practices to avoid gastrointestinal illnesses.

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever is a concern; robust mosquito bite prevention is necessary. Water and food safety measures should be observed to prevent illness.

TUNISIA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Ensure food and water safety to avoid gastrointestinal illnesses. Consider precautions against mosquito bites due to reports of West Nile virus.

TURKEY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies (for specific types of travel)

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are adequate. Tick-borne diseases such as Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever are present; tick bite prevention is recommended.

TURKMENISTAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Ensure food and water safety. Consider rabies vaccination if engaging with animals or spending significant time outdoors.

TUVALU

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General health precautions are sufficient. Given the limited medical facilities, travelers should carry necessary health supplies and medications.

U

UGANDA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Consider vaccination for meningococcal meningitis if visiting endemic areas.

UKRAINE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies (for specific types of travel)

• Specific health notes: Due to ongoing conflict, travelers should ensure comprehensive health insurance and be prepared for potential evacuation. Tick-borne diseases such as Tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease are prevalent; take preventive measures.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Due to sand and dust storms, respiratory protection may be advisable for sensitive individuals.

UNITED KINGDOM

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are adequate. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease are present in some areas; preventive measures are recommended.

URUGUAY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are adequate. Consider mosquito bite prevention due to the presence of Dengue fever.

UZBEKISTAN

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Rabies (for specific types of travel)

• Specific health notes: Ensure food and water safety to avoid gastrointestinal illnesses. Tick-borne encephalitis is present in some areas; consider vaccination if engaging in outdoor activities.

V

VANUATU

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for certain areas. Dengue fever is present; robust mosquito bite prevention measures are necessary.

VATICAN CITY

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: None

• Specific health notes: General travel health precautions are sufficient. Vatican City is enveloped by Rome, so health risks align closely with those in Italy.

VENEZUELA

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Yellow Fever

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for rural areas. Due to significant health infrastructure challenges, ensure comprehensive travel health insurance and access to medical evacuation.

VIETNAM

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Dengue fever and Zika virus are prevalent; mosquito bite prevention is crucial. Ensure food and water safety to avoid traveller's diarrhoea.

Y

YEMEN

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: None officially required, but Cholera vaccination may be advised due to ongoing outbreaks.

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Polio, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended in many areas. Due to ongoing conflict, comprehensive health insurance and medical evacuation plans are essential.

Z

ZAMBIA

• Vaccination Required: Yes

• Vaccinations required for entry: Yellow Fever (if arriving from a country with risk of Yellow Fever transmission)

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is strongly recommended. Consider precautions against bilharzia (schistosomiasis) when in contact with fresh water.

ZIMBABWE

• Vaccination Required: No

• Vaccinations required for entry: None

• Vaccinations recommended due to heightened risk: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies

• Specific health notes: Malaria prophylaxis is advised for most areas outside of Harare and Bulawayo. Ensure food and water safety practices to avoid cholera and other gastrointestinal illnesses.